1.Ohm´s law: The ratio of potential difference (V) between any two points on a conductor to the current (I) flowing between them, is constant, provided the temperature of the conductor does not change. In other words, V/I= constant or V/I= R 2.Kirchhoff´s law´s: a. Kirchhoff’s Point Law or Current Law (KCL) In any electrical network, the algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a point (or junction) is zero. i.e incoming currents = outgoing currents b. Kirchhoff’s Mesh Law or Voltage Law (KVL) The algebraic sum of the products of currents and resistances in each of the conductors in any closed path (or mesh) in a network plus the algebraic sum of the e.m.fs. in that path is zero.